冒险岛2

2021年，宇航员将能够吃自己的新鲜豆子。_我的网站

一 | 北京时间1月14日消息，不久，宇航员将能够多吃新鲜蔬菜。    A South Korean company has begun production at a huge new solar panel factory in Georgia even as industry leaders say surging Asian imports could dampen efforts to make more solar components in the United States.Qcells, a unit of South Korea’s Hanwha Group, said Wednesday that it can now turn out enough solar panels to generate 5.1 gigawatts of power yearly at a two-factory complex in the northwest Georgia city of Dalton. That's almost 40% of U.S. solar panel capacity, according to figures from the Solar Energy Industries Association. Qcells' opened its first factory in 2019 and an even larger plant in phases since, what the company describes as the largest solar investment in American history. “It’s another milestone as we as a company really strive to become a global leader and a U.S. leader in solar manufacturing," said Scott Moskowitz, Qcells head of market strategy and public affairs, speaking with The Associated Press after a plant tour Monday.The company says its new plant is the first solar module factory in the U.S. to begin production since passage of President Joe Biden’s signature climate legislation. Qcells' $208 million investment again shows how federal incentives are spurring a nationwide boom in renewable energy and electric vehicles.Industry jitters about a flood of cheap solar panels from overseas show how dependent on federal policy the solar industry remains. That's a threat in part because former President Donald Trump, the frontrunner for the 2024 Republican nomination, is hostile to renewable energy.Qcells leaders say the new plant showcases more efficient equipment and processes, part of a much larger investment intended to bring key steps in solar manufacturing to the U.S. A solar panel, or module, is assembled from solar cells most commonly made from wafers cut from ingots of polysilicon. Today, the company's solar cells are imported from Asia. But 30 miles (50 kilometers) south of Dalton in Cartersville, Qcells is building a $2.3 billion complex to take polysilicon refined in Washington state and make ingots, wafers and solar cells — in addition to 3.3 gigawatts of solar modules. That plant is scheduled to open in phases starting next year.Currently, no silicon ingots or wafers are made in the U.S. But Biden's Inflation Reduction Act, besides offering a extra tax credit on American-made solar equipment, lets manufacturers earn incentives for every unit of polysilicon they refine and every wafer, cell and module they make. For example, Qcells earns a tax credit of 7 cents per watt for every panel it makes in Dalton, or $34.30 for every 490-watt residential panel made.Even with that boost, solar industry leaders warn, factories will struggle to compete with a new spike in cheap Asian imports. They're again urging federal officials to investigate whether solar panels are being dumped at unfairly low prices. Previous investigations have led to anti-dumping tariffs on panels made in China and Taiwan.U.S. officials shouldn't regard the spike as a normal market fluctuation, said Mike Carr, executive director of the Solar Energy Manufacturers for America Coalition, a group that includes Qcells. He argues Chinese component makers are pushing out cheap modules from southeast Asian factories, tanking panel prices to ensure Chinese dominance and smother U.S. manufacturing.“This is likely to be the No. 1 new energy source in the 21st century," Carr said. "It’s already cheaper than pretty much anything else to install. It is the path to meeting our climate goals. So I think it becomes a real national security kind of concern. The way OPEC is in oil markets, we don’t want to allow China to become that same controller of supply in solar.”Qcells sees current low prices as a “near-term challenge" in achieving economies of scale and serving a long-term market, Moskowitz said. Beyond trade policy, he said, requiring federal agencies to buy American-made products and promoting panels produced with fewer carbon emissions could bolster Qcells.Politics envelops the solar industry. Vice President Kamala Harris visited the plant earlier this year. At the state level, Republican Gov. Brian Kemp has wrestled with Democratic U.S. Sen. Jon Ossoff over political credit for electric vehicle and renewable energy investments flowing to Georgia. “Out of all the places Qcells could have gone, they chose to operate and expand here in Georgia because of our unrivaled assets and the competitive package we put together,” Kemp said in a statement.Ossoff and fellow Georgia Democratic Sen. Raphael Warnock note they authored the component incentives that benefit Qcells, emphasizing federal policy. “Our state is emerging as the advanced energy capital of the nation, thanks to federal infrastructure and manufacturing policies that are benefiting Georgia more than any other state,” Ossoff said in a statement.Qcells, for its part, praises both state and federal assistance.“To build these markets up and to have them work, you need a whole government approach," Moskowitz said.。

二 | 继2015年国际空间站的莴苣之后，宇航员最早可以在2021年吃自己的豆子。将来，他们会吃更多种类的新鲜蔬菜。”挪威科技大学空间跨学科研究中心的植物生理学家Silje Wolff在一份声明中说：“每个宇航员的梦想都是吃新鲜的食物，比如草莓和樱桃。”这在将来肯定是可能的。

三 | 我们设想在温室里可以种植几种蔬菜。

四 | 沃尔夫最近完成了一项实验，其中莴苣生长在一个特殊的容器中，调节植物生长所需的水、营养、气体和空气。尽管沃尔夫使用熔岩中的人工土壤作为基质，但她说她的目标是让植物直接生长在含有维持生命所需营养物质的水中。她指出，在太空中，所有的水和食物都必须循环利用，这意味着植物的施肥必须“尽可能精确”。除了营养价值外，在太空站等“荒地”种植作物也能为宇航员提供生理上的舒适。沃尔夫说宇航员经常食欲不振，导致体重下降。”解决吃新鲜食物的心理问题是我们的目标之一。真空包装食品并不能真正让人们想到食物，”沃尔夫说。重要的是要有能激发食欲的新鲜食物和大脑中正确的受体。

五 | 园艺也因其对认知能力和心理健康的帮助而闻名。长期隔离会在这两个领域造成问题。例如，美国宇航局宇航员斯科特·凯利在2015年在国际空间站工作了342天。在他的报告中，他提到了他面临的心理压力。

六 | ”宇航员喜欢园艺和一切能让人想起地球上生活的东西，”沃尔夫说。他们照顾蔬菜，给它们浇水，看着它们一天天长大。

七 | 挪威科技大学空间跨学科研究中心目前正与意大利和法国的研究人员合作，试图找出在长期太空飞行期间种植植物性食品的可行性。研究人员在一份声明中说，虽然一个典型的国际空间站任务要持续6个月，但是到火星的宇航员至少需要在太空中生活和工作一年，当然他们需要在这段时间内吃饭。”根据目前的航天飞行方式，几乎不可能从地球上携带所需的全部资源。这就是为什么我们必须开发生物系统，这样宇航员才能生产他们自己的食物和回收所有的资源，”沃尔夫说。然而，现在，沃尔夫和他的团队专注于简单的豆子，他们需要几个步骤来让宇航员为他们自己准备一顿丰盛的晚餐。

八 | 目前已完成地面试验。挪威科技大学跨学科空间研究中心将把豆类种子放入离心机，在国际空间站上发芽生长。研究人员可以比较不同重力水平对空间植物的影响。在地球上，重力使热空气上升，冷空气下沉。

九 | 在空间站上，空气相对静止，使宇航员感到他们正在发低烧。沃尔夫说植物也会受到影响。她说，“不流动的空气减少了植物叶片的蒸发，导致叶片温度升高。水蒸气扩散到环境中是植物调控的重要组成部分，与出汗对动物和人类的影响相当。挪威科技大学空间跨学科研究中心的研究工作可能对地球上食物的生长产生更大的影响，特别是在耕地稀少的城市。沃尔夫说，通过在封闭的室内系统中直接在水中种植作物，我们可以充分利用空间生产更多的粮食，在这些粮食中，气候、施肥和灌溉的各个方面都得到了调节。

Current article:http://59gdmiu.xiadiaosengchengcun.shop/list_412/6mrav.html

Published on:10:54:55